MAKALAH DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH

1.    DIRECT SPEECH

Direct speech is the direct words spoken speaker. When we cite or directly mimicking the same what was said without changing the wording at all, then it is called a direct quote excerpts or sentences directly.

Direct sentences consisting of 2 (two) parts, namely:

·         Reporting verb          =  reporting verb

·         Reported words        =  words are reported.

Here are examples of its use in a sentence:

·         Ekky says, “I go to campus everyday”.

·         Ekky said, "I go to campus everyday”.

In the example above sentence into its reporting verb is “Ekky says”, be reported while his words are “I go to campus everyday”.

           

There are several things that must be considered in the form of direct speech, namely:

1)    In a generally straight line between the forms of direct speech ported words separated by commas (,). Reported directly written words in a sentence in quotes (quotation marks).

2)    Reporting can also be called a reporting verb sentence, while the words may be referred reported reported reported speech or sentence.

·         The location of the reporting verb does not have to be at the beginning of the sentence, but also the end of the reporting verb is in the sentence. Consider the following example sentences:

·         He said, “I am happy”.

o   “I am happy”, he said.

·         Ekky said, “I don’t like durian”.

o   “I don’t like durian”, said Ekky.

Take a good look at the two examples above!

If the active sentence the subject is a personal pronoun (personal pronouns) eg he, she, it, etc, then when placed in the back. The subject is placed after his reported words (eg, first sentence) without changing its form and composition.

If the active sentence the subject is proper noun (Proper Noun) Ekky example, Arya, Jose Mourinho, etc, then when placed in the back, the subject is located at the end of a sentence (second sentence example) without changing its form.

2.    INDIRECT SPEECH

Indirect speech is spoken sentences to convey statement of one person to another. When we tell what someone says with the same purpose, but the composition and the words are not the same or there is a change, then the sentence is a sentence called indirect (Indirect Speech)

Here are examples of its use in a sentence:

D         :           She says, “I’m very good in English”.

                        He said, "I am very proficient in the English language".

 I           :           She says that he is very good in English.

                          He said that he is very proficient in English.

From both these examples, the Direct Speech (D) and Indirect Speech (I) you can clearly see the difference.

            There are several things that must be considered in the indirect sentence, namely:

1)    In a sentence indirect, between the reporting verb and reported Wordnya connected by conjunctions.

2)    In the words of indirect quotation marks are not considered.

Based on the reported types of sentences, the direct and indirect  speech can be divided into three categories, namely:

1)    Command and Request

2)    Statement

3)    Question

For more details will be discussed one by one below.

a.    Command and Request

In general, using a reporting verb verb: ask, tell, beg.  While the indirect sentence, the verb is immediately followed by to infinitive. Or between the reporting verv reported by the linked word "to", for example:

D   :           Ekky told him, “Pay attention to what I say”.

                 

I     :           Ekky told him to pay attention to what he said.

                 

b.    Statement

In general, using a reporting verb verb: say, tell. Whereas in the indirect sentence between the reporting verb associated with the reported word "that", for example:

D   :           He said, “I have seen the movie”.

                 

I      :           He said that he had seen the movie.

                 

c.    Question

When the interrogative sentence using the Auxiliary Verb. In general, using a reporting verb verb: ask. Whereas in the indirect sentence between reporting verb with reported words associated with the word "if & Wether", for example:

D   :           I asked her, “Do you like banana?”

                 

I     :           I asked her if I like banana.

Note:

When asked interrogative sentence using the word. Not directly in the form of a sentence, the word used in a sentence asked directly converted into the reporting verb conjunction with the reported words, for example:

D    :           I asked him, “what is your name?”

                                    I asked him, “What is your name?”

 I     :           I asked him what his names was.

                                   

1.   ‘Go away and don’t come here anymore,’ means:

A.   He told go to away and never to come there anymore.

B.   He said I must go away and not come there anymore.

C.   He asked me to go away and never come there anymore.

D.   He ordered me to go away and asked me not to come there anymore.

E.   He told me to go away and never go there.

2.   Ekky   :  Arya, where are you staying?

      Arya    :  At Sahid Hotel

      Ekky asked Arya _____

A.   Where he stays

B.   Where he was staying

C.   Where did he stay

D.   Where does he stay

E.   Where had he stayed

3.    My mother said: ‘Don’t waste your money on cigarettes’

This means:

A.   My mother advised me not to waste my money on cigarettes.

B.   My mother told me that she didn’t waste my mones on cigarettes.

C.   My mother asked me if I had wasted my money on cigerettes.

D.   My mother allowed me to waste my money on cigarettes.

E.   My mother said that I didn’t waste my money on cigarettes.

4.    Ekky   :           I have a pain in my throat. What would you recommend?

Arya    :           I’d advise you _____ anymore.

A.   Not to smoke                        

B.   Not smoke

C.   Did not smoke

D.   Will not smoke

E.   Are not smoke

REFERENCES

Ø  Drs. Rudy Hariyono, Andrew Mc. Carthy (2008). ABC Plus English Grammar Complete Edition. GITAMEDIA PRESS: Surabaya.